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ywanxin
Cisco Employee
Cisco Employee
本文将讨论、配置和详细的必要配置的互通结构。

应当指出的是,I / O存储器的大小将每盒,这是联系在一起的整体的缓冲能力而变化。
该文件将涵盖缓冲过程,将使用CLI进行验证。
缓冲的过程
Cisco路由器的数据包存储在水平的几个不同的位置:
1tx-ring、硬件队列、rx-ring
2.接口缓冲区,公共或私人pools
142704cz22gdy2616rbub1.png
当一个数据包进入路由器,数据包被存储在入口缓冲区等待被处理。

当发送到出口处理的数据包仍然占用在入口接口上,如果数据包已经超过了物理端口上的1K缓冲区,内存会被取之于public pool。
系统缓冲区概述

中档路由系列的公共池提供用于存储的数据包两个可能的位置:快速切换缓冲器(F/S) 和正常池缓冲器(取决于IOS版本,这些缓冲区是用作备份池时的私人接口池填充分组)。这些缓冲器的大小和访问速度而变化。
您可以验证缓冲区通过使用 命令:
Public particle pools:
F/S buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1536, permanent 1536):
1024 in free list (256 min, 2048 max allowed)
512 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
512 max cache size, 0 in cache
0 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
Normal buffers, 1676 bytes (total 3840, permanent 3840):
3840 in free list (128 min, 4096 max allowed)
0 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
当达到私人缓冲的深度的公共缓冲器(公共粒子池)被使用。
在F / S缓冲区可用于2048包(512包的缓存和1536数据包在永久性存储器)内存提供。软限制是由快速切换缓冲区的配置量管辖
正常的缓冲区提供4096包(256包的缓存和3840数据包在永久性存储器)的最大数据包存储器。
在ISR G1和G2平台使用公共缓冲池时有所不同。该ISR G1始终使用正常的缓冲池。在IOS版本多达IOS15.2T,在ISR G2采用快速切换缓冲器(F / S),超出此版本的正常池缓冲区用于(CSCtq27141,CSCtw65356)。此修改提供了一个更大的备份池是可用的服务质量(QoS)配置复杂的质量。
公共缓冲区部分缓存,准备使用的物理端口超额认购后。在这一点上,如果路由器,填补了私营和缓存缓冲区公众,路由器将请求I / O内存更多的公共缓冲区。物理I/ O内存的上限值是由RAM平台上的量管辖。

142917rybutdfr0bddev0q.png
HQF 概述
HQF(分层排队框架)利用物理缓冲。每个接口的保持队列参数控制缓冲器的物理接口可以使用的量。每级队列的限制配置限制了每类缓冲阈值。这些值必须对准物理硬件的限制,否则将会出现数据包丢失。
注:配置CBWFQ类的总队列限制必须等于或小于配置的<敲竹杠queuepackets出>指定接口上配置。如果保持队列的限制比配置的总队列限制类的较小时,系统会为<输入队列下降>和<忽略>在接口统计入接口出现在丢弃数据包。
后的分组被HQF处理它被放置在最终的FIFO队列中,TX环。该TX-环提供了传送到线之前的物理FIFO最后的队列。
当发生拥塞时,在出接口即TX-环已满,CBWFQ队列开始根据他们的每类队列限制分配缓冲流量。理想情况下,这些队列将达到满负荷,然后将开始下降尾额外的流量超过了队列限制配置。然而,如果队列限制路由器配置超出物理保持队列的限制,或保持队列超过了可用的缓冲能力,通信将会被丢弃(+公共泳池+附加I / O MEM RAM私人泳池)前到达配置全缓冲区的大小。我们将涉及几个不同的方式来解决上述情况,而详细说明了需要配置特定命令。
默认设置和配置参数
是缓冲的ISR平台上目前的结构如下:
1.每个物理接口被分配1000个数据包缓冲区(hold-queue)
2.每个新实例化类分配的缓冲区64包(queue-limit)
3.在TX-ring分配128/256数据包缓冲区(tx-ring-limit)
4. 当物理缓冲区消耗,接口要求在I / O存储器缓冲来自F / S缓冲区分配
上述数值是通过配置和查看show policy-map interface , show buffers, and show controllers commands in Cisco IOS:
Router#show buffers
Public particle pools:
F/S buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1536, permanent 1536):
1024 in free list (256 min, 2048 max allowed)
512 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
512 max cache size, 512 in cache
0 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
Normal buffers, 1676 bytes (total 3840, permanent 3840):
3840 in free list (128 min, 4096 max allowed)
0 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
Private particle pools:
HQF buffers, 0 bytes (total 2000, permanent 2000):
2000 in free list (500 min, 2000 max allowed)
21 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
IDS SM buffers, 240 bytes (total 128, permanent 128):
0 in free list (0 min, 128 max allowed)
128 hits, 0 fallbacks
128 max cache size, 128 in cache
0 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
GigabitEthernet0/0 buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1024, permanent 1024):
0 in free list (0 min, 1024 max allowed)
1024 hits, 0 fallbacks
1024 max cache size, 768 in cache
333 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
GigabitEthernet0/1 buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1024, permanent 1024):
0 in free list (0 min, 1024 max allowed)
1024 hits, 0 fallbacks
1024 max cache size, 768 in cache
343 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
记住的内存处理架构iOS开发过程中发生了变化。最新的iOS版本中使用的普通缓冲区作为备份池为私有内存池。
IOS Versions < 15.2T
这架F/ S缓冲区直接分配一个快速缓存值(512)提供,永久值(1536),这需要一个获取操作和最大值(512+1536=2048)。
IOS Versions > 15.2T
正常的缓冲池直接分配一个快速缓存值(256)提供,永久值(3840),这需要一个获取操作和最大值(256+3840=4096)。
注:“高速缓存”示出了可用的缓冲器,当该等于0池是空的。
物理接口池被分解成RX-ring(256)+余数(768)=最大允许的(1024)。
的TX-ring的限制是在接口配置模式的可配置,并且可以由验证:
Router(config)#int gi 0/0
Router(config-if)#tx
Router(config-if)#tx-ring-limit 200
Router(config-if)#
Router#sh controllers gi 0/0 | beg TX_COUNT
TX_COUNT: 0, TX_LIMITED: 1, TX_HEAD: 23, TX_TAIL: 23
TX_MIN_SIZE: 32, TX_MAX_SIZE: 512, TX_CURRENT_SIZE: 200
RX STARVES: 0
这表明配置修改后的接口上当前TX-ring值。默认将是要么128/256。
Router#sh run po
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 198 bytes
!
policy-map buffering
class cs4
bandwidth percent 25
queue-limit 128 packets
class cs3
bandwidth percent 10
class class-default
bandwidth percent 25
queue-limit 256 packets
Router#sh policy-map int
GigabitEthernet0/0
Service-policy output: buffering
Class-map: cs4 (match-all)
0 packets, 0 bytes
30 second offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: ip dscp cs4 (32) af41 (34)
Queueing
queue limit 128 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 0/0
bandwidth 25% (250000 kbps)
Class-map: cs3 (match-all)
0 packets, 0 bytes
30 second offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: ip dscp cs3 (24)
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 0/0
bandwidth 10% (100000 kbps)
Class cs4 has a modified queue-limit of 128 packets where class cs3 had a default of 64 packets.
注:的队列限制的合计必须是类似配置的保持队列的限制(或IOS默认)。
Router# sh int gi 0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0026.cb27.6d60 (bia 0026.cb27.6d60)
Internet address is 10.70.1.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 5d04h
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: Class-based queueing
Output queue: 0/ 1000/0 (size/ max total/drops)
The show interface command illustrates the physical limit of 1000 packets of buffer as well as flow control negotiation. This is important to note as the previous ISR G1 (2800/3800) forced flow-control on, the current ISR G2 (2900/3900) negotiates flow control. Flow control will send pause frames to the source if oversubscription is occurring, and may assist in the buffering capabilities of the platform.
配置缓冲区参数
当物理接口上配置以下的保持队列设置每类队列限制总的ISR将显示队列深度,并通过显示策略映射interface命令滴总和。在这个例子中,路由器接收的交通传播跨越3 DSCP值50Mbps的(EF, AF41, BE). 所示的结构是不是最好的做法,应仅用于演示目的。该策略和输出如下所示:
Router#sh run policy-map
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 298 bytes
!
policy-map buffering
class cs4
bandwidth percent 25
queue-limit 128 packets
class cs3
bandwidth percent 10
class class-default
bandwidth percent 25
queue-limit 256 packets
policy-map buffering-parent
class class-default
shape average 9000000
service-policy buffering
!
Router#sh policy-map int
GigabitEthernet0/1
Service-policy output: buffering-parent
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
2638885 packets, 3947650282 bytes
30 second offered rate 54131000 bps, drop rate 45133000 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 386/2199701/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 439197/656924874
shape (average) cir 9000000, bc 36000, be 36000
target shape rate 9000000
Service-policy : buffering
Class-map: cs4 (match-all)
719512 packets, 1076389952 bytes
30 second offered rate 14758000 bps, drop rate 10260000 bps
Match: ip dscp cs4 (32) af41 (34)
Queueing
queue limit 128 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 128/500019/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 219493/328361528
bandwidth 25% (2250 kbps)
上面所示的队列深度关联到队列的限制,因为该队列被超额。总滴展示了尾丢弃在这个特定的队列。
在下面的例子中,合计队列极限的上方的保持队列值配置,因此这些类将不到达其满的队列限能力。Router#sh run policy-map
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 325 bytes
!
policy-map buffering
class cs4
bandwidth percent 25
queue-limit 1000 packets
class cs3
bandwidth percent 10
queue-limit 500 packets
class class-default
bandwidth percent 25
queue-limit 256 packets
policy-map buffering-parent
class class-default
shape average 9000000
service-policy buffering
上面的配置允许每级队列的限制超出接口上保持队列(默认1000)。如果是这种情况,这些类被限制而不管每个等级队列限制配置给每个接口的保持队列的值。
Router#sh policy-map int
GigabitEthernet0/1
Service-policy output: buffering-parent
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
531660 packets, 795340842 bytes
30 second offered rate 53062000 bps, drop rate 43406000 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
( queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 1000/443256/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 88404/132232420
shape (average) cir 9000000, bc 36000, be 36000
target shape rate 9000000
Service-policy : buffering
Class-map: cs4 (match-all)
144961 packets, 216861656 bytes
30 second offered rate 14472000 bps, drop rate 10185000 bps
Match: ip dscp cs4 (32) af41 (34)
Queueing
queue limit 1000 packets
( queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 497/102468/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 42493/63569528
bandwidth 25% (2250 kbps)
Class-map: cs3 (match-all)
290041 packets, 433901336 bytes
30 second offered rate 28951000 bps, drop rate 27139000 bps
Match: ip dscp cs3 (24)
Queueing
queue limit 500 packets
( queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 500/273044/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 16997/25427512
bandwidth 10% (900 kbps)
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
96658 packets, 144577850 bytes
30 second offered rate 9650000 bps, drop rate 6741000 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 256 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/67744/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 28914/43235380
bandwidth 25% (2250 kbps)
CS4的类将永远达不到的是由于1000包的限制保持队列默认配置1000数据包缓冲区。父整形显示队列深度是1000个数据包。在父队列限值不显示实际总队列限制,应该被忽略。
增加保持队列解决了这个问题。
Router# sh run int gi 0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 155 bytes
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 10.70.2.1 255.255.255.0
load-interval 30
duplex auto
speed auto
service-policy output buffering-parent
end
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int gi 0/1
Router(config-if)# hold-queue 2000 out
Router(config-if)#
Router#sh policy-map int
GigabitEthernet0/1
Service-policy output: buffering-parent
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
1268797 packets, 1898055018 bytes
30 second offered rate 21984000 bps, drop rate 15025000 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
( queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 1584/1026584/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 242212/362291821
shape (average) cir 9000000, bc 36000, be 36000
target shape rate 9000000
Service-policy : buffering
Class-map: cs4 (match-all)
346767 packets, 518763432 bytes
30 second offered rate 6128000 bps, drop rate 2278000 bps
Match: ip dscp cs4 (32) af41 (34)
Queueing
queue limit 1000 packets
( queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 1000/232964/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 113803/170249288
bandwidth 25% (2250 kbps)
Class-map: cs3 (match-all)
688008 packets, 1029259968 bytes
30 second offered rate 11265000 bps, drop rate 9736000 bps
Match: ip dscp cs3 (24)
Queueing
queue limit 500 packets
( queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 500/642689/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 45319/67797224
bandwidth 10% (900 kbps)
Class-map: class-default (match-any)
234021 packets, 350030122 bytes
30 second offered rate 4578000 bps, drop rate 946000 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 256 packets
( queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 81/150931/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 83090/124245309
bandwidth 25% (2250 kbps)
从上面的例子中,我们看到,聚集队列限现在比的保持队列限制更少。这使得每个类的队列,以达到其每级队列的限制配置。
为了演示的平台存储器的限制,下面,通过CLI的最大值已配置的。在这种情况下,该策略将运行路由器的物理内存。这个例子是使用快速切换缓冲区的专用接口池耗尽之后。在随后的示例将展示使用正常缓冲剂,使用相同的配置和相同的结果。
Router#sh run po
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 330 bytes
!
policy-map buffering
class cs4
bandwidth percent 25
queue-limit 32000 packets
class cs3
bandwidth percent 10
queue-limit 32000 packets
class class-default
bandwidth percent 25
queue-limit 32000 packets
policy-map buffering-parent
class class-default
shape average 9000000
service-policy buffering
!
end
Router#sh run int gi 0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 178 bytes
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 10.70.2.1 255.255.255.0
load-interval 30
duplex auto
speed auto
service-policy output buffering-parent
hold-queue 240000 out
end
配置再次示出过量的缓冲,这将拉伸台的能力的保持队列的大小。
Router#sh int gi 0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0026.cb27.6d61 (bia 0026.cb27.6d61)
Internet address is 10.70.2.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 2/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:18:25
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 1400771
Queueing strategy: Class-based queueing
Output queue: 1725/240000/1400770 (size/max total/drops)
30 second input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
30 second output rate 8961000 bits/sec, 750 packets/sec
出端口将开始看到产量增幅下降,由于缺乏物理可用的缓冲空间。
Public particle pools:
F/S buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1536, permanent 1536):
1024 in free list (256 min, 2048 max allowed)
512 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
512 max cache size, 0 in cache
691929 hits in cache, 4363140 misses in cache
Normal buffers, 1676 bytes (total 3840, permanent 3840):
3840 in free list (128 min, 4096 max allowed)
0 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
Private particle pools:
HQF buffers, 0 bytes (total 2000, permanent 2000):
2000 in free list (500 min, 2000 max allowed)
7977 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
IDS SM buffers, 240 bytes (total 128, permanent 128):
0 in free list (0 min, 128 max allowed)
128 hits, 0 fallbacks
128 max cache size, 128 in cache
0 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
GigabitEthernet0/0 buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1024, permanent 1024):
0 in free list (0 min, 1024 max allowed)
1024 hits, 0 fallbacks
1024 max cache size, 0 in cache
7883664 hits in cache, 5055071 misses in cache
GigabitEthernet0/1 buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1024, permanent 1024):
0 in free list (0 min, 1024 max allowed)
1024 hits, 0 fallbacks
1024 max cache size, 540 in cache
38552 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
从show buffer我们看到了“高速缓存”等于0的入端口上,而F / S缓冲区也被消耗掉,因此,我们将开始看到在入口处忽略,从一到达的I / O内存缓冲区公共游泳池。
此时出接口已经停止丢弃数据包作为“总产出下降”,并在入口接口被丢弃数据包的忽略,缓冲区在系统中完全侵占,到如此地步,入口流量有没有地方进行缓冲。
Router#sh int gi 0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0026.cb27.6d60 (bia 0026.cb27.6d60)
Internet address is 10.70.1.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 2/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:03:40, output 00:00:01, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:05:40
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
30 second input rate 8949000 bits/sec, 748 packets/sec
30 second output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
254952 packets input, 381407120 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 1 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 2822871 ignored
0 watchdog, 1 multicast, 0 pause input
41 packets output, 4343 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#sh int gi 0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0026.cb27.6d60 (bia 0026.cb27.6d60)
Internet address is 10.70.1.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 2/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:03:51, output 00:00:02, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:05:51
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
30 second input rate 8970000 bits/sec, 751 packets/sec
30 second output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
263355 packets input, 393978008 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 1 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 2915621 ignored
0 watchdog, 1 multicast, 0 pause input
42 packets output, 4403 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#sh int gi 0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0026.cb27.6d61 (bia 0026.cb27.6d61)
Internet address is 10.70.2.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 2/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:05, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:06:18
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: Class-based queueing
Output queue: 1784/240000/0 (size/max total/drops)
30 second input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
30 second output rate 8984000 bits/sec, 752 packets/sec
19 packets input, 3233 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 19 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog, 19 multicast, 0 pause input
283381 packets output, 423859898 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
13 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#
停止流量后,通过内存“show buffer”中显示的公共pool展示了可用内存,现在在公共pool提供。Public particle pools:
F/S buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1536, permanent 1536):
1024 in free list (256 min, 2048 max allowed)
512 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
512 max cache size, 511 in cache
快速开关(F/ S)的缓冲区被限制在上面看到的永久价值,如果一个人想保值增值,这将让系统采取更多的缓冲区出来的I / O存储器,提供缓冲更大的能力的流量。
增加了快速切换缓冲区不推荐,除非有明确的理由这样做。这种配置可以运行整个平台出的I / O内存,导致路由器崩溃或更糟。提供非确定性的行为。
Router(config)#buffers fastswitching permanent 4000
Public particle pools:
F/S buffers, 1664 bytes (total 4255, permanent 4000):
255 in free list (256 min, 2048 max allowed)
3915 hits, 85 misses, 0 trims, 255 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
4000 max cache size, 3999 in cache
使用相同的配置如上述与最新的图像。结果是相同的。输出滴最初看到那么当公共池耗尽,则忽略被视为入口接口上。
Router#sh int gi 0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0026.cb27.6d61 (bia 0026.cb27.6d61)
Internet address is 10.70.2.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 2/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:18, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 40526
Queueing strategy: Class-based queueing
Output queue: 16457/240000/0 (size/max total/drops)
30 second input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
30 second output rate 11362000 bits/sec, 1423 packets/sec
15 packets input, 2293 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 13 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog, 13 multicast, 0 pause input
1073555 packets output, 1069216441 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
9 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#
出端口将开始看到产量增幅下降,由于缺乏物理可用的缓冲空间。
此外,内存分配失败开始弹出在屏幕上:
*Apr 6 19:04:19.875: %SYS-2-MALLOCFAIL: Memory allocation of 65612 bytes failed from 0x23C625FC, alignment 128
Pool: I/O Free: 110880 Cause: Memory fragmentation
Alternate Pool: None Free: 0 Cause: No Alternate pool
-Process= "Pool Manager", ipl= 0, pid= 7
-Traceback= 23C4DB98z 23C5A024z 21502CE0z 23C5F5BCz 23C5F848z 23C3A8E8z 23C3A8CCz
下面通过SH缓冲区,我们看到了“高速缓存”等于0的入端口上,与正常缓冲区现在也已被消耗掉,因此,我们将开始看到在入口处忽略,因为我们到达从I / O内存缓冲区公共游泳池。
Public particle pools:
F/S buffers, 1664 bytes (total 768, permanent 768):
256 in free list (128 min, 1024 max allowed)
512 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
512 max cache size, 512 in cache
0 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
Normal buffers, 1676 bytes (total 15408, permanent 3840):
0 in free list (128 min, 4096 max allowed)
429286 hits, 8834250 misses, 18655 trims, 30223 created
8434667 failures (5977 no memory)
Private particle pools:
HQF Particle buffers, 0 bytes (total 2000, permanent 2000):
2000 in free list (500 min, 2000 max allowed)
72 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
IDS SM buffers, 240 bytes (total 128, permanent 128):
0 in free list (0 min, 128 max allowed)
128 hits, 0 fallbacks
128 max cache size, 128 in cache
0 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
GigabitEthernet0/0 buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1024, permanent 1024):
76 in free list (0 min, 1024 max allowed)
1024 hits, 0 fallbacks
1024 max cache size, 0 in cache
858268 hits in cache, 8863962 misses in cache
GigabitEthernet0/1 buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1024, permanent 1024):
0 in free list (0 min, 1024 max allowed)
1024 hits, 0 fallbacks
1024 max cache size, 574 in cache
500 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
在这一点上,出接口已经停止丢弃数据包作为“Total output drops”,并在入口接口被丢弃数据包的忽略,缓冲区在系统完全溢出到如此地步,入口流量有没有地方进行缓冲。Router#sh int gi 0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0026.cb27.6d60 (bia 0026.cb27.6d60)
Internet address is 10.70.1.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 2/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input never, output 00:00:02, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
30 second input rate 8957000 bits/sec, 1125 packets/sec
30 second output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
1588785 packets input, 1582429860 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 28735330 ignored
0 watchdog, 0 multicast, 0 pause input
88 packets output, 9937 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 187759 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#sh int gi 0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0026.cb27.6d61 (bia 0026.cb27.6d61)
Internet address is 10.70.2.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 2/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:03, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 40526 (stays the same)
Queueing strategy: Class-based queueing
Output queue: 16706/240000/0 (size/max total/drops)
30 second input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
30 second output rate 8953000 bits/sec, 1125 packets/sec
39 packets input, 6533 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 37 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog, 37 multicast, 0 pause input
1596486 packets output, 1589996211 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
25 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#
停止流量后,通过内存“show buffer”中显示的公共泳池展示了可用内存,现在在公共游泳池提供。“在高速缓存”值正常缓冲区是回到1024。Public particle pools:
F/S buffers, 1664 bytes (total 768, permanent 768):
256 in free list (128 min, 1024 max allowed)
512 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
512 max cache size, 512 in cache
0 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
Normal buffers, 1676 bytes (total 4261, permanent 3840):
4096 in free list (128 min, 4096 max allowed)
858695 hits, 18959889 misses, 29802 trims, 30223 created ( all values stay the same)
18131040 failures (12851 no memory)
Private particle pools:
HQF Particle buffers, 0 bytes (total 2000, permanent 2000):
2000 in free list (500 min, 2000 max allowed)
147 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created
0 failures (0 no memory)
IDS SM buffers, 240 bytes (total 128, permanent 128):
0 in free list (0 min, 128 max allowed)
128 hits, 0 fallbacks
128 max cache size, 128 in cache
0 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache
GigabitEthernet0/0 buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1024, permanent 1024):
334 in free list (0 min, 1024 max allowed)
1024 hits, 0 fallbacks
1024 max cache size, 1024 in cache
894006 hits in cache, 18989735 misses in cache
GigabitEthernet0/1 buffers, 1664 bytes (total 1024, permanent 1024):
0 in free list (0 min, 1024 max allowed)
1024 hits, 0 fallbacks
1024 max cache size, 343 in cache
773 hits in cache, 0 misses in cache

评论
yssqt5211
Level 1
Level 1
学习了、学习了、
yssqt5211
Level 1
Level 1
学习了、学习了、
yssqt5211
Level 1
Level 1
学习了、学习了、
sxsure001
Spotlight
Spotlight
谢谢分享!!!!!lollol:lol
帅哥一般帅
Level 1
Level 1
感谢分享学习
sxsure001
Spotlight
Spotlight
谢谢大师分享,:D:D:D:D:D:D
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